What is a coupling

Coupling refers to a device that connects two shafts or a shaft and a rotating part, and rotates together in the process of transmitting movement and power, and does not disengage under normal conditions. Sometimes it is also used as a safety device to prevent the connected parts from being subjected to excessive loads and play a role in overload protection.

Brief introduction

Couplings are also called couplers. A mechanical component used to firmly connect the driving shaft and the driven shaft in different mechanisms to rotate together and transmit motion and torque. Sometimes it is also used to connect shafts and other parts (such as gears, pulleys, etc.). It is often composed of two halves, which are connected by keys or tight fits, respectively, and fastened to the ends of the two shafts, and then the two halves are connected in some way. The coupling can also compensate for the deviation between the two shafts due to inaccurate manufacturing and installation, deformation or thermal expansion during work, etc. (including axial deviation, radial deviation, angular deviation or comprehensive deviation) ; And alleviate impact and absorb vibration.

Most of the commonly used couplings have been standardized or standardized. Under normal circumstances, it is only necessary to correctly select the type of coupling and determine the type and size of the coupling. When necessary, the load capacity of the vulnerable links can be checked and calculated; when the speed is high, the centrifugal force of the outer edge and the deformation of the elastic element need to be checked, and the balance check and so on are required.

Type

Couplings can be divided into two categories: rigid couplings and flexible couplings.

Rigid couplings do not have the ability to buffer and compensate for the relative displacement of the two axes, and require strict alignment of the two axes. However, this type of coupling has simple structure, low manufacturing cost, and assembly and disassembly. , Convenient maintenance, can ensure high neutrality of the two shafts, large transmission torque, and wide application. Commonly used are flange couplings, sleeve couplings and clamp couplings.

Flexible couplings can be further divided into flexible couplings without elastic elements and flexible couplings with elastic elements. The former type only has the ability to compensate the relative displacement of the two axes, but it cannot buffer and reduce vibration. The common ones are slippery. Block couplings, gear couplings, universal couplings and chain couplings, etc.; the latter type contains elastic elements, in addition to the ability to compensate for the relative displacement of the two axes, it also has buffering and damping functions. However, the transmitted torque is limited by the strength of the elastic element, and is generally not as good as the flexible coupling without elastic elements. Commonly used are elastic sleeve pin couplings, elastic pin couplings, plum-shaped couplings, and tire-type couplings. Couplings, serpentine spring couplings and reed couplings, etc.

Performance requirements

According to different working conditions, the coupling needs to have the following performance:

(1) Mobility. The mobility of the coupling refers to the ability to compensate for the relative displacement of the two rotating components. Factors such as manufacturing and installation errors between the connected components, temperature changes during operation and load deformation, etc., all put forward requirements for portability. The movable performance compensates or relieves the additional load between shafts, bearings, couplings and other parts caused by the relative displacement between the rotating components.

(2) Cushioning. For occasions where the load starts or the working load changes, the coupling must have elastic elements that can buffer and reduce vibration to protect the prime mover and the working machine from damage.

(3) Safe and reliable, with sufficient strength and service life.

(4) Simple structure, convenient assembly, disassembly and maintenance.

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